Lipscomb study links caffeine to to increased body image concerns among college women

A new Lipscomb University study reveals that caffeine consumption may heighten body image concerns and anxiety among college-aged women, particularly impacting their social physique anxiety (SPA)—the anxiety one feels about how others perceive their body.

The research, led by Rachel Shannon, a 2024 psychology graduate, and supervised by Dr. Jaclyn Spivey, head of Lipscomb’s undergraduate psychology program, explores the effects caffeine-containing items like coffee and dark chocolate may have. Shannon’s findings suggest that caffeine could contribute to body dysmorphia and heightened SPA among women.

“I wanted to focus on body image dissatisfaction because there is a lot more literature already on women with body image dissatisfaction,” said Shannon, explaining her motivation for the project.

The study specifically used dark chocolate.

Participants were recruited at Lipscomb University through flyers, emails, speeches and social media ads. In total, Shannon analyzed data from 17 female undergraduate students, ages 18-20 and 30-39. These participants took a brief survey, consumed either chocolate, coffee, or gummy candy, completed a demographic questionnaire, watched a nature documentary (to allow time for the effects to settle), and retook the SPA survey.

Interestingly, the results showed an increase in anxiety levels after consuming caffeine or gummy candy. However, a slight decrease in anxiety was noted after consuming dark chocolate.

Shannon chose dark chocolate for its higher caffeine content. “I chose dark chocolate because it does have higher caffeine levels…I was interested in the caffeine levels,” she said.

Looking ahead, Shannon hopes to expand her research. “I would be more interested in looking into a more junk food perspective in the future,” she said. “Going forward…It’s more from the lens of addiction vs. caffeine.”

Shannon also drew inspiration from Ultra Processed People, a book that shaped her views on the connection between mental health and dietary habits. She recommends the resource to those grappling with anxiety. “It really changed my opinion on the foods we eat and how it affects our mental health in general. So if you’re struggling with anxiety.”

Shannon advises anyone experiencing anxiety to reflect on their caffeine habits. “If you’re experiencing anxiety, do an audit of your caffeine consumption and just for a couple weeks try cutting out caffeine completely…and just see if that improves your anxiety.”

Dr. Spivey praised Shannon’s enthusiasm for the project, noting the collaborative nature of the research. Shannon also gave a special acknowledgment to her research assistant, Cambryn Crumpler, for her vital contributions to the study.

While more research is needed, Shannon’s findings underline the importance of mindfulness when it comes to caffeine consumption, especially for individuals struggling with body image or anxiety.